Pengujian Klon Batang Atas dan Dosis Pupuk NPK Pada Sambung Samping Kakao Rakyat
No Thumbnail Available
Date
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
Abstract
Description
Produktivitas kakao di Indonesia masih rendah, antara lain disebabkan umur tanaman yang sudah tua. Program peremajaan kakao memerlukan biaya mahal dan waktu yang lama sehingga perlu alternatif yang lebih murah dan cepat, yaitu program rehabilitasi dengan cara sambung samping menggunakan batang atas dari klon unggul. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh sepuluh klon kakao sebagai batang atas dan dosis pupuk terhadap sambung samping pertanaman kakao rakyat. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada kebun rakyat di Kabupaten Way Kanan, Lampung Utara, mulai tahun 2012 sampai 2013. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan petak terpisah dengan tiga ulangan; petak utamanya adalah 10 klon unggul kakao sebagai batang atas, yaitu K1 = PA150, K2 = Sca12, K3 = TSH 908, K4 = ICS60, K5 = TSH 858, K6 = IMC67, K7 = Sulawesi 02, K8 = Jumbo, K9 = Sulawesi 01, dan K10 = ICCRI 04. Sebagai anak petak adalah dosis pupuk NPK, yaitu P0 = tanpa pupuk, P1 = 300 g NPK, P2 = 600 g NPK, dan P3 = 300 g NPK + 100 g mikoriza. Setiap unit percobaan terdiri dari 6 tanaman. Peubah yang diamati meliputi tingkat keberhasilan penyambungan serta pertumbuhan panjang tunas dan diameter batang tunas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat keberhasilan dan pertumbuhan tunas hasil sambung samping yang terbaik untuk kakao rakyat di Kabupaten Way Kanan, Lampung Utara, adalah dengan menggunakan batang atas klon TSH 908 dan TSH 858. Pupuk NPK yang optimal untuk sambung samping tersebut adalah 600 g/pohon/tahun dan 300 g/pohon/tahun ditambah 100 g mikoriza/pohon.
The productivity of cacao in Indonesia is still low, as most of cacao plants in farmers’ plantation have grown old. Rejuvenation of old cacao plants needs a lot of cost and time, therefore, it requires a cheaper and faster alternative. One of the alternatives is rehabilitation through side grafting using scion from superior clones. The study was aimed to know the effect of ten cacao clones as scion and dosage of NPK fertilizer for side grafting of cacao plants. The research was conducted in cacao plantation, Way Kanan district, North Lampung, from 2012 to 2013. The split plot design with three replications was used in this study; with the main plot factor was the 10 cacao superior clones as scion i.e. K1 = PA150, K2 = Sca12, K3 = TSH 908, K4 = ICS60, K5 = TSH 858, K6 = IMC67, K7 = Sulawesi 02, K8 = Jumbo, K9 = Sulawesi 01, and K10 = ICCRI 04. The subplot factor was the NPK fertilizer dosage, i.e. P0 = without fertilizer, P1 = 300 g NPK, P2 = 600 g NPK, and P3 = 300 g NPK + 100 g mycorrhiza. Each of the expeimental unit consisted of 6 plants. The variables observed were the success level of side grafting, growth of shoot length and diameter of shoot stem. The results showed that the best success level and growth of shoot length of side grafting for cacao plantation in Way Kanan district, North Lampung was using scion obtained from TSH 908 and TSH 858 clones. Meanwhile, the optimal dosage of NPK fertilizer was 600 g/plant/year and 300 g/plant/year + 100 g mycorrhizal/plant.
The productivity of cacao in Indonesia is still low, as most of cacao plants in farmers’ plantation have grown old. Rejuvenation of old cacao plants needs a lot of cost and time, therefore, it requires a cheaper and faster alternative. One of the alternatives is rehabilitation through side grafting using scion from superior clones. The study was aimed to know the effect of ten cacao clones as scion and dosage of NPK fertilizer for side grafting of cacao plants. The research was conducted in cacao plantation, Way Kanan district, North Lampung, from 2012 to 2013. The split plot design with three replications was used in this study; with the main plot factor was the 10 cacao superior clones as scion i.e. K1 = PA150, K2 = Sca12, K3 = TSH 908, K4 = ICS60, K5 = TSH 858, K6 = IMC67, K7 = Sulawesi 02, K8 = Jumbo, K9 = Sulawesi 01, and K10 = ICCRI 04. The subplot factor was the NPK fertilizer dosage, i.e. P0 = without fertilizer, P1 = 300 g NPK, P2 = 600 g NPK, and P3 = 300 g NPK + 100 g mycorrhiza. Each of the expeimental unit consisted of 6 plants. The variables observed were the success level of side grafting, growth of shoot length and diameter of shoot stem. The results showed that the best success level and growth of shoot length of side grafting for cacao plantation in Way Kanan district, North Lampung was using scion obtained from TSH 908 and TSH 858 clones. Meanwhile, the optimal dosage of NPK fertilizer was 600 g/plant/year and 300 g/plant/year + 100 g mycorrhizal/plant.
Keywords
Kakao; rehabilitasi; klon unggul; dosis pupuk; sambung samping, Cacao; rehabilitation; superior clones; fertilizer dosage; side grafting