Adopsi dan Dampak Penerapan Standard Operating Procedure Pascapanen Karet Rakyat Di Kabupaten Dharmasraya, Sumatera Barat
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Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
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Mutu bahan olah karet (bokar) di tingkat petani di Provinsi Sumatera Barat masih rendah, disebabkan oleh terbatasnya akses terhadap teknologi, kurangnya sarana pascapanen, belum diterapkannya standard operating procedure (SOP), dan masalah lainnya. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui adopsi dan dampak penerapan SOP pascapanen bahan olah karet (bokar) rakyat di Kabupaten Dharmasraya, Sumatera Barat. Penelitian dilaksanakan di tiga kecamatan, Kabupaten Dharmasraya, Provinsi Sumatera Barat, mulai bulan Maret sampai Desember 2013 dengan metode survei deskriptif melalui pelaksanaan demonstrasi plot (demplot) dan sekolah lapang. Parameter yang diamati meliputi tingkat adopsi teknologi pascapanen, mutu bokar, dan tataniaga karet sebelum dan setelah demplot dan sekolah lapang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat adopsi teknologi pascapanen karet melalui demplot dan sekolah lapang di Kabupaten Dharmasraya bervariasi dari tingkat yang sangat rendah sampai sangat tinggi. Adopsi teknologi tersebut berdampak positif terhadap peningkatan mutu bahan olah karet rakyat sehingga dapat memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Harga jual sheet dengan standar SNI di tingkat petani tidak jauh berbeda dengan lump kotor, hal ini yang menyebabkan petani belum banyak memproduksi sheet. Diperlukan regulasi agar pabrik membeli karet ke Unit Pengelola dan Pemasaran Bokar (UPPB) atau ke pasar lelang yang berpihak kepada petani.
The lump quality produced by farmers in West Sumatra is low dueto limited access to technologies and postharvest facilities,insufficient implementation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), and other problems. The research aimed to study the adoption of postharvest SOP of rubber and its impact at farmers level in Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatera. The experiment was conducted in three districts at Dharmasraya Regency of West Sumatra Province, from March until December 2013, utillizing descriptive survey through demonstration plot and field school. Parameters observed were the adoption level, lump quality, and rubber trade before and after the demonstration and field school. The result showed that the adoption level of rubber postharvest technology varied, from very low to very high. The adoption positively contributed to lump quality improvement at farmers level, thus meeting the SNI requirements. The price of sheet which meets the SNI did not significantly differ from low graded lump so it is less produced by farmers. Further regulation which endorsed industries to buy rubber at processing and marketing unit or farmers supporting market is needed.
The lump quality produced by farmers in West Sumatra is low dueto limited access to technologies and postharvest facilities,insufficient implementation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), and other problems. The research aimed to study the adoption of postharvest SOP of rubber and its impact at farmers level in Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatera. The experiment was conducted in three districts at Dharmasraya Regency of West Sumatra Province, from March until December 2013, utillizing descriptive survey through demonstration plot and field school. Parameters observed were the adoption level, lump quality, and rubber trade before and after the demonstration and field school. The result showed that the adoption level of rubber postharvest technology varied, from very low to very high. The adoption positively contributed to lump quality improvement at farmers level, thus meeting the SNI requirements. The price of sheet which meets the SNI did not significantly differ from low graded lump so it is less produced by farmers. Further regulation which endorsed industries to buy rubber at processing and marketing unit or farmers supporting market is needed.
Keywords
Karet; SOP; pascapanen; bokar, Rubber, SOP, postharvest, lump