Effect of Farmyard Manure Added with Phosphate Solubilizing Microbes on Robusta Coffee’s Growth and Yield

Abstract
Description
Farmyard manure and biofertilizer is able to substitute chemical fertilizers in improving the plants growth and production. The manure acts as the  energy source for soil microbes, while biofertilizer with phosphate solubilizing microbes (PSM) can increase phosphate (P) availability for plants.  The research aimed to investigate the effect of farmyard manure added with PSM on growth and yield of 5 Robusta coffee clones, conducted at Pakuwon Experimental Station, Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI), Sukabumi, from January 2014 to June 2017. A split plot design was used with 3 replications. The main plot factors were 5 Robusta coffee clones (BP 308, SA 237, BP 42, BP 358, and BGN 371), whereas the subplot  factors were types of fertilizers (chicken, sheep, and cow manure added with PMS), and NPK fertilizers as control. Variables observed were components of vegetative growth, percentage of flowering plants, and weight of fresh berries. The results showed that 5 Robusta coffee clones used exhibited similar responses to the PMS-added farmyard manure application. Chicken manure added with PMS enhanced P-available and improved vegetative growth of coffee plants better than other farmyard manure, similar with the effect of NPK fertilizers. Up to 4 years old plants, the PM-added farmyard manure application did not affect the weight of fresh berries.
Pupuk kandang dan pupuk hayati dapat mensubstitusi peran pupuk kimia dalam memperbaiki pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman. Pupuk kandang berperan sebagai sumber energi mikrob tanah, sedangkan pupuk hayati dengan bahan aktif mikrob pelarut fosfat (MPF) dapat meningkatkan ketersediaan fosfat (P) bagi tanaman. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh pupuk kandang ditambah MPF terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil 5 klon kopi Robusta. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Pakuwon, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar (Balittri), Sukabumi, mulai Januari 2014 sampai Juni 2017, menggunakan rancangan petak terbagi dengan 3 ulangan. Petak utama adalah 5 klon kopi Robusta (BP 308, SA 237, BP 42, BP 358, dan BGN 371), sedangkan anak petak adalah perlakuan pemupukan (pupuk kandang ayam, domba, dan sapi yang semuanya ditambah MPF), serta pupuk NPK sebagai kontrol. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap komponen pertumbuhan vegetatif, persentase pembungaan tanaman, dan bobot buah segar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 5 klon kopi Robusta yang diuji memiliki respons yang sama terhadap aplikasi pupuk kandang ditambah MPF. Pupuk kandang ayam yang ditambah MPF meningkatkan P-tersedia dan pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman kopi lebih baik daripada pupuk kandang yang lain, dimana pengaruhnya sama dengan pupuk NPK. Sampai umur 4 tahun, aplikasi pupuk kandang ditambah MPF belum berpengaruh terhadap bobot buah segar.
Keywords
Farmyard manure; inorganic fertilizer; phosphate solubilizing microbe; Robusta coffee, , Kopi Robusta; mikrob pelarut fosfat; pupuk anorganik; pupuk kandang,
Citation