Peningkatan Produktivitas Padi Sawah Tadah Hujan Melalui Penerapan Teknologi Adaptif Dampak Perubahan Iklim
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Indonesian Center for Agriculture Land Resource Development
Abstract
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Abstrak. Optimalisasi lahan sawah tadah hujan memberikan kontribusi terhadap ketersediaan pangan nasional yang sebagian besar masih dipasok dari lahan optimal sawah beririgasi. Lahan suboptimal sawah tadah hujan berpotensi dalam mendukung ketersediaan pangan nasional. Lahan sawah tadah hujan sangat rentan terhadap dampak perubahan iklim terutama cekaman kekeringan dan serangan organisme pengganggu tanaman. Antisipasi dampak perubahan iklim di lahan sawah tadah hujan dilakukan dengan penerapan teknologi adaptif dan sekaligus sebagai upaya mirigasi gas rumah kaca. Beberapa teknologi adaptif yang berpotensi meningkatkan produktivitas padi sawah tadah hujan adalah penggunaan varietas unggul baru, penentuan waktu tanam dengan kalender tanam, pengelolaan sumberdaya air dengan teknologi embung, pengendalian OPT terpadu dan pengelolaan lahan. Teknologi mitigasi seperti pengairan berselang, penggunaan varietas rendah emisi, penggunaan bahan amelioran, pemupukan secara berimbang, dan integrasi tanaman padi – ternak efektif menurunkan emisi gas rumah kaca di lahan sawah tadah hujan. Integrasi tanaman pangan-ternak bebas limbah merupakan salah satu upaya mensinergiskan aksi adaptasi dan aksi mitigas terhadap perubahan iklim di ekosistem lahan sawah tadah hujan. Abstract. Optimization of rainfed lowland rice contributes on national food availability which is still generally supplied from irrigated lowland rice. The sub-optimal rainfed lowland is quite susceptible to climate change impacts, especially drought stress and incidence of pests and diseases. Anticipating climate change impacts in rainfed lowland are approached by applying adaptive technology as well as greenhouse gase mitigation. Some adaptive technologies which potentially increase rainfed rice productivity are new superior varieties, cropping calendar for determining planting time, water resources management with small water reservoir, and integrated pests and diseases control. Some mitigation technologies such as intermittent irrigation, high yielding varieties with low emissions, ameliorant materials use, balanced fertilization, and integrated food crop-livestock reduce effectively greenhouse gas emissions in rainfed lowland rice areas. Integrated food crops-livestock with zero waste systems is one of synergic efforts between adaptation and mitigation actions on climate change impacts in ecosystems of rainfed lowland rice.
Keywords
environmental science, Adaptasi, emisi, gas rumah kaca, mitigasi, sawah tadah hujan,