PENGARUH PEMUPUKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, PRODUKSI, DAN MUTU TANAMAN TIMI (Thymus vulgaris L.)
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Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
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ABSTRAK Tanaman timi banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia karena bermanfaat untuk kesehatan. Kebutuhan hara N, P, dan K penting diketahui untuk mendukung budidayanya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon pemupukan terhadap pertumbuhan, produksi, mutu simplisia, dan serapan hara tanaman timi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di KP. Manoko (1200 m dpl) pada bulan Januari sampai Desember 2013. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan empat ulangan. Perlakuan pemupukan: (1) kontrol (tanpa pupuk); (2) 20 ton/ha pupuk kandang; (3) 20 ton/ha pupuk kandang + urea, SP36, dan KCl masing- masing 50 kg/ha; (4) 20 ton/ha pupuk kandang + urea, SP36, dan KCl masing-masing 75 kg/ha; (5) 20 ton/ha pupuk kandang + urea, SP36, dan KCl masing-masing 100 kg/ha; (6) 20 ton/ha pupuk kandang + urea, SP36, dan KCl masing-masing 125 kg/ha; (7) 20 ton/ha pupuk kandang + urea, SP36, dan KCl masing-masing 150 kg/ha; dan (8) Urea, SP36, dan KCl masing-masing 150 kg/ha. Peubah yang diamati: tinggi, bobot segar dan kering, produksi herba kering, mutu simplisia, serta kadar hara N, P, dan K tanaman. Produksi herba tertinggi (3,93 ton/ha) diperoleh pada perlakuan urea, SP36, dan KCl masing-masing 150 kg/ha. Peningkatan SP36 menjadi 150 kg/ha yang diikuti oleh urea dan KCl masing-masing 150 kg/ha tanpa pupuk kandang, mampu meningkatkan herba kering timi 44-88%. Kadar thymol tertinggi (70,90%) dicapai pada perlakuan 20 ton/ha pupuk kandang + urea, SP36, dan KCl masing-masing 150 kg/ha, namun menghasilkan kadar minyak atsiri terendah (0,30%). Sebaliknya, kadar thymol terendah (43,99%) dicapai pada perlakuan tanpa pupuk, tetapi memiliki kadar minyak atsiri tertinggi (0,92%). Kata kunci: Thymus vulgaris L., pemupukan, pertumbuhan, produksi, kualitas The Effect of Fertilizer on Growth, Yield, and Quality of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) ABSTRACT Thyme has been cultivating in Indonesia because of its benefits for health. Thyme nutrients requirement is important to support its cultivation. This study is aimed to evaluate thyme responses to fertilizer. The research was conducted at Manoko Experimental Garden (1200 m asl) from January to December 2013, arranged in randomized block design with four replications. Fertilization treatments: (1) control (no fertilizer); (2) 20 tonnes/kg manure; (3) 20 tonnes/ha manure + 50 kg/ha of each urea, SP36, and KCl; (4) 20 tonnes/kg manure + 75 kg/ha of each urea, SP36, and KCl; (5) 20 tonnes/kg manure + 100 kg/ha of each urea, SP36, and KCl; (6) 20 tonnes/kg manure + 125 kg/ha of each urea, SP36, and KCl; (7) 20 tonnes/kg manure + 150 kg/ha of each urea, SP36, and KCl; and (8) 150 kg/ha of each urea, SP36, and KCl. Parameters observed: plant height, fresh and dry weight per plant, yield of dry herb, simplicia quality, and N, P, and K contents. Treatment 150 kg/ha of each urea, SP36, and KCl was produced the highest yield (3.93 tonnes/ha). The increase of SP36 until 25 kg/ha combined with 150 kg/ha urea and KCl could enhance yield of dry herb 44-88%. The highest thymol content (70.90%) was obtained from treatment 20 tonnes/kg manure + 150 kg/ha of each urea, SP36, and KCl, but it produced the lowest essential oil content (0.30%). Contrarily, control treatment produced the highest essential oil content (0.92%) but gave the lowest thymol content (43.99%).Key words: Thymus vulgaris L., fertilization, growth, yield, quality